Advancing Biomedical Research Through Innovative Computational Modeling

Computational simulations using the finite element method (FEM) play a crucial role in biomedical engineering by enabling accurate, non-invasive analysis of complex biological systems. FEM allows researchers and engineers to model the mechanical behavior of tissues, organs, and medical devices under various physiological conditions, reducing the need for costly and ethically challenging experimental testing. The Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB) at the Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3AUnizar) has extensive experience in analyzing such complex biological systems. As examples of their recent work, two studies are presented that demonstrate the versatility and impact of computational modeling in diverse biomedical applications. The first study focuses on non-contact tonometry for assessing corneal biomechanics. A high-fidelity finite element model of an idealized 3D eye was developed to simulate noncontact tonometry (NCT). This fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation accurately reproduces the corneal response to an air pulse, offering insights into intraocular pressure (IOP) variations and the biomechanical properties of ocular tissues. The model provides a robust tool for in vivo characterization of corneal biomechanics, enhancing diagnostic capabilities for corneal pathologies and improving the outcomes of refractive surgery. The second study presents an integrative approach to musculoskeletal biomechanics and tendon regeneration, combining advanced imaging, histology, tissue engineering, and FEM-based computational modeling. The mechanical behavior of supraspinatus and infraspinatus mouse muscles was analyzed, revealing that fiber orientation—rather than collagen content—is the primary determinant of both passive and active muscle mechanics. High-resolution multiphoton imaging and FEM simulations enabled detailed characterization of muscle architecture and mechanical responses. Building on these findings, novel computational models were developed to design and fabricate Melt Electrowriting (MEW)-based 3D tubular scaffolds that replicate the mechanical properties of native Achilles tendons. These models accounted for the discrete fiber architecture of printed scaffolds, enhancing their effectiveness in guiding tenocyte alignment and differentiation.